Baby Development
Gut Health
Published Research
The IMPRINT study was designed to understand the changes that feeding B. infantis EVC001 would have to the microbiome and gut biochemistry of breastfed infants.
The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine the effects of supplementing the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 for the first 21 days of life in healthy term breastfed infants delivered via C-section or vaginal delivery on gut bacteria composition compared with matched-control term infants receiving standard care. The specific aim of the study was to compare the fecal microbiota (total B. infantis, total Bifidobacterium, total bacteria and composition of microbiota) between the supplement and control groups.
7 different publications stemmed from this research, looking at different endpoints of the trial & the results are discussed below.
Imprint Table
| Publication | Methods | Summary | Main Takeaway(s) | Themes | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Safety and tolerability of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis EVC001 supplementation in healthy term breastfed infants: a phase I clinical trial", Smilowitz J, Moya J, Breck M, et al. 2017; 17.1 1-11. BMC Pediatrics | The IMPRINT study was a phase I clinical trial that was a parallel, randomized controlled study. Investigators recruited 80 mother- term infant dyads who received either lactation support plus daily B. infantis EVC001 (1.8–2.8 × 10^10 CFU) with breast milk starting on day 7, or lactation support alone. Fecal samples, health questionnaires, and daily feeding and GI logs were kept for 60 days. | Infants that received B. infantis EVC001 had a higher mean Log10 change in fecal Bifidobacterium from Day 6 to Day 28 compared to control infants (p = 0.0002). During supplementation, infants that received B. infantis EVC001 had lower daily number of stools (p < 0.05) and a 36% increase in soft stools (p < 0.05). There were no differences in safety or tolerability endpoints, including flatulence, bloody stool, body temperature, gastrointestinal symptoms, use of medications, infant colic, jaundice, illnesses, sick doctor visits, or eczema diagnoses. | EVC001 was safely consumed and well-tolerated by healthy breastfed infants, with no differences in adverse events and improvements in Bifidobacterium abundance and stool patterns versus controls. | Gut Microbiome; Immune Health, Gastrointestinal Health; Breast Milk & HMO Utilization | Read more here |
| "Persistence of Supplemented Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 in Breastfed Infants", Frese et al. 2017 mSphere | Microbiome analysis using qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing: study days 7 to 60. | Infants that received B. infantis EVC001 had significantly higher abundance of B. infantis (by qPCR) and relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (by 16S rRNA sequencing) compared to exclusively-breastfed infants not fed the probiotic. | B. infantis EVC001 supplementation established high, stable levels of B. infantis in breastfed infants and reshaped the gut microbiome, with these changes persisting for more than 30 days after supplementation ended. | Gut Microbiome; Immune Health | Read more here |
| "Colonization of breastfed infants by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 reduces virulence gene abundance", Casaburi, G. & Frese 2018 Human Microbiome Journal | Analysis of virulence factors in the microbiome from metagenomics sequencing on samples collected on study day 21. | After 21 days of receiving the probiotic B. infantis EVC001, infants had 90% less detectable antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in their microbiomes compared to infants who did not receive the probiotic. | B. infantis EVC001 colonization shifted the infant gut microbiome toward a more favorable functional profile, reducing both potentially pathogenic bacteria and the virulence genes that may help them colonize or cause infection. | Gut Microbiome; Pathogen & Antibiotic Defense | Read more here |
| "Reduced colonic mucin degradation in breastfed infantscolonized by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001", Karav et al. 2018 FEBS Open Bio | Mass spectrometry analysis of fecal samples obtained from nine infants colonized by B. infantis EVC001 and from 10 infants colonized by higher levels of mucolytic taxa (controls). | The abundance of colonic mucin-derived O-glycans was higher in the fecal samples of control infants, relative to those that received probiotic B. infantis EVC001. | Infants colonized with B. infantis EVC001 showed markedly less degradation of protective colonic mucin, suggesting that EVC001 may help preserve the gut’s mucus barrier during early infancy. | Immune Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| "Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 modulates enteric inflammation in exclusively breastfed infants", Henrick et al. 2019 Pediatric Research | Proinflammatory fecal cytokine profiling using immunoassays at three time points: days 6 (Baseline), 40, and 60 postnatal. | Proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower in B. infantis EVC001-fed infants on days 40 and 60 postnatally compared to baseline and compared to control infants. | By establishing B. infantis colonization, EVC001 shifted the infant gut away from a dysbiosis-associated inflammatory state. | Gastrointestinal Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| "Metagenomic insights of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple sites in the United States", Casaburi et al. 2019 Antibiotic Resistance & Infection Control | Analysis of antibiotic resistant genes in the microbiome from metagenomics sequencing on samples collected on study day 21. | Infants fed B. infantis EVC001 exhibited a change to the gut microbiome, resulting in a 90% lower level of antibiotic resistant genes compared to control infants. | Early colonization with B. infantis EVC001 reduced antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the resistance-gene reservoir they carry, suggesting targeted microbiome modulation could complement antibiotic stewardship. | Gut Microbiome; Pathogen & Antibiotic Defense | Read more here |
| "Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life", Henrick et al. 2021 Cell | Multi-immune profiling on fecal samples obtained on days 6 (Baseline), 40, and 60 postnatal and in vitro assays using fecal water from EVC001-supplemented infants | EVC001-associated indole-3-lactic acid was found to upregulate inhibitory galectin-1 in Th2 and Th17 cells, providing a functional link between EVC001-derived metabolites, and immunoregulation during the first critical months of life. Intestinal T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cytokines were silenced and interferon β (IFNβ) was induced in infants supplemented with B. infantis EVC001 compared to control infants. | Early B. infantis EVC001 colonization helped guide healthier immune development by reducing dysregulated inflammatory responses and producing metabolites | Immune Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| "Early probiotic supplementation with B. infantis in breastfed infants leads to persistent colonization at 1 year", O’Brien et al.2021 Pediatric Research | A 2-year follow-up study to IMPRINT: In the follow-up study, mothers (n = 48) collected infant stool at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months postnatal and completed the health diet questionnaires. | Probiotic supplementation with B. infantis EVC001 within the first month postnatal, in combination with breast milk, resulted in stable colonization that persisted until at least 1 year postnatal. | Pairing B. infantis EVC001 with breast milk during the first month of life produced durable colonization and sustained microbiome improvements through at least one year, demonstrating that a probiotic matched with its preferred nutrient can achieve lasting ecological change. | Gut Microbiome; Breast Milk & HMO Utilization | Read more here |
| Persistence of Supplemented Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 in Breastfed Infants Steven A. Frese, Andra A. Hutton, Lindsey N. Contreras, et al. mSphere · November 2017 | Longitudinal microbiome analysis of healthy breastfed term infants from the IMPRINT trial using qPCR, 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal metabolite analysis through postnatal day 60. | EVC001 supplementation established high levels of B. infantis and increased total Bifidobacterium. Colonization and microbiome changes persisted for more than 30 days after supplementation ended and were supported by breastfeeding. | EVC001 can establish stable, persistent colonization in the gut of breastfed term infants even after supplementation has stopped. | Gut Microbiome; Breast Milk & HMO Utilization | Read more here |
| Elevated Fecal pH Indicates a Profound Change in the Breastfed Infant Gut Microbiome Due to Reduction of Bifidobacterium over the Past Century Bethany M. Henrick, Andra A. Hutton, Michelle C. Palumbo, et al. mSphere · March 7, 2018 | Historical and contemporary comparison of fecal pH and infant microbiome composition of 312 infants from 14 studies conducted 1926-2017, including an analysis of breastfed term infants receiving EVC001 vs lactation support alone. | Contemporary infants had higher fecal pH and lower Bifidobacterium abundance than historical breastfed infants. EVC001 colonization lowered fecal pH and shifted the microbiome away from potentially harmful taxa. | Restoring B. infantis EVC001 helped recreate the acidic gut environment historically associated with a Bifidobacterium-dominated breastfed infant microbiome. | Gut Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Health | Read more here |
| Colonization of Breastfed Infants by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 Reduces Virulence Gene Abundance Giorgio Casaburi and Steven A. Frese Human Microbiome Journal · June 4, 2018 | Shotgun metagenomic analysis of day-21 fecal samples from 60 healthy breastfed term infants: 29 received EVC001 and 31 served as controls. | EVC001-fed infants had increased Bifidobacteriaceae and decreased Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Clostridiaceae - bacterial families often associated with less balanced infant gut microbiome profiles. Additionally, their microbiomes had an approximately 85% lower relative abundance of genetic markers associated with these bacterial families, reflecting a substantial shift in their gut microbial profile. | EVC001 colonization shifted the infant gut toward a potentially more favorable functional profile. | Gut Microbiome; Pathogen & Antibiotic Defense | Read more here |
| Reduced Colonic Mucin Degradation in Breastfed Infants Colonized by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 Sercan Karav, Giorgio Casaburi, Steven A. Frese, et al. FEBS Open Bio · 2018 | Mass-spectrometry analysis of fecal samples from nine EVC001-colonized infants and 10 control infants with higher levels of mucin-degrading bacteria. | Controls had greater quantities of colonic mucin-derived O-glycans in their stool, indicating more degradation of the intestinal mucus layer. EVC001 did not consume these protective mucin glycans. | EVC001 colonization was associated with less degradation of protective colonic mucin, suggesting that it may help preserve the infant gut’s mucus barrier. | Gastrointestinal Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| N-glycans from Human Milk Glycoproteins Are Selectively Released by an Infant Gut Symbiont In Vivo Sercan Karav, Giorgio Casaburi, Aysenur Arslan, et al. Journal of Functional Foods · August 17, 2019 | Mass-spectrometry analysis examined milk-derived N-glycans in fecal samples from breastfed infants receiving EVC001 and controls. | Nineteen human-milk-related N-glycans increased with EVC001 supplementation, and 20 were detected only in EVC001-fed infants. The glycans correlated with an increase of Bifidobacteriaceae. | EVC001 works with components of human milk, releasing naturally bound milk sugars that may support its ability to establish in the breastfed infant gut. Infants fed EVC001 show increased release of specific glycans, demonstrating another mechanism through which the strain is adapted to breastfed infants. | Breast Milk & HMO Utilization; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| Colonization by B. infantis EVC001 Modulates Enteric Inflammation in Exclusively Breastfed Infants Bethany M. Henrick, Lillian C. Rodriguez, Bojana Lakshmikanth, et al. Pediatric Research · August 26, 2019 | Fecal cytokines, microbiome composition, and metabolites were analyzed at postnatal days 6, 40, and 60 in exclusively breastfed term infants receiving EVC001 vs infants lactation support alone (n=120). | EVC001 colonization significantly reduced the level of fecal alproteins in the infant gut microbiome. By day 40 there was significant modulation of cytokine profiles in the EVC001-fed infants, compared to the control group infants. This difference remained at the 60 day check-in as well. | Infants fed EVC001 had stronger immune development and exhibited less abundance of calproteins and modulation of cytokine profiles, which are commonly associated with a more balanced gut and decreased risk of skin and digestive issues. | Immune Health; Gastrointestinal Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| Early-Life Gut Microbiome Modulation Reduces the Abundance of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Giorgio Casaburi, Rebbeca M. Duar, Daniel P. Vance, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control · August 14, 2019 | Shotgun metagenomic analysis of 60 healthy breastfed term infants: 29 received EVC001 and 31 were controls. Bacterial isolates were also genome-sequenced and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. | EVC001-fed infants had approximately 90% fewer antibiotic-resistance genes. Genes reduced by supplementation included those associated with resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and multiple drug classes. | EVC001 colonization substantially reduced antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the resistance-gene reservoir in the term infant gut. | Pathogen & Antibiotic Defense; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| Bifidobacteria-Mediated Immune System Imprinting Early in Life Bethany M. Henrick, Lillian C. Rodriguez, Bojana Lakshmikanth, et al. Cell · July 22, 2021 | Immune and microbiome profiling of infants with or without B. infantis EVC001 colonization, combined with in-vitro experiments evaluating the effects of EVC001-associated metabolites. | EVC001 colonization was associated with reduced intestinal Th2 and Th17 responses, increased interferon-β, and production of indole-3-lactic acid, which promoted immunoregulatory pathways. | EVC001 may help guide early immune development toward a more balanced, regulated state through changes in the microbiome and production of immune-active metabolites. | Immune Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| Comparative Genome Analysis of Commercial B. infantis Strains Rebbeca M. Duar, Giorgio Casaburi, Ryan D. Mitchell, et al. Nutrients · October 23, 2020 | Genomic and laboratory comparison of 12 B. infantis isolates from commercial pediatric probiotics, with a two-infant proof-of-concept component. | Strains possessing the complete H5 gene cluster, including B. infantis strain EVC001, utilized key human milk oligosaccharides more effectively than strains missing those genes. EVC001 strain, is a proprietary owned by Infinant Health and can only be found in Evivo products. | Not all B. infantis strains are functionally equivalent; strain genetics can affect how effectively a probiotic utilizes human milk components. EVC001, the strain in Evivo, showed the most complete utilization of human milk of all the commercial strains tested. | Breast Milk & HMO Utilization; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| GUSTO Jia Xu, Rebbeca M. Duar, Baoling Quah, et al. Frontiers in Pediatrics · June 10, 2024 | Longitudinal observational study of 225 infants of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ancestry in Singapore, using stool samples collected through three months of age. | B. infantis was detected in only 4.4% of the infants. Cesarean delivery and antibiotic exposure were associated with delayed colonization by Bifidobacterium generally. | Beneficial B. infantis was uncommon in this urban infant population, while it was observed in the rural, non-urbanized population. Drawing the connection that a lack of B. infantis in infants is a global issue and could be associated with birth and medical interventions used. | Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| REMEDI Claire E. O’Brien, Steven A. Frese, Karina Cernioglo, et al. mSphere · Published online December 22, 2025; issue published January 27, 2026 | Nine-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 40 healthy, exclusively breastfed term infants ages 2–4 months. Infants received placebo or one of three EVC001 doses for 28 days. | Every tested dose significantly increased fecal B. infantis. Colonization remained detectable one month after supplementation ended. | EVC001 B. infantis may help establish persistent colonization even when supplementation begins after the newborn period. All dose sizes provided showed an increase in colonization in the gut which demonstrates supplementation after the newborn period can still shift the infant microbiome. | Gut Microbiome; Safety & Tolerability | Read more here |
| Farm exposure in infancy is associated with elevated systemic IgG4, mucosal IgA responses, and lower incidence of food allergy Courtney M. Jackson, Elizabeth Ponko, Natalie M., et al. Science Translational Medicine December 10, 2025 | Longitudinal birth-cohort study comparing infants from Old Order Mennonite farming families with infants from urban and suburban families in Rochester, New York. Researchers collected cord and peripheral blood, stool, saliva, and maternal milk during pregnancy and throughout the infants’ first year. | Farm-exposed infants accumulated more IgG-positive B cells and had higher plasma IgG and IgA and salivary and fecal IgA, indicating earlier maturation of antibody-producing immunity. Mennonite mothers also had higher breast-milk IgA, while their infants had higher egg-specific IgG4. Higher egg-specific antibodies in maternal milk and infants were associated with a lower incidence of egg allergy. The authors concluded that a traditional farming lifestyle was associated with earlier B-cell immune maturation, although the observational design could not establish causality. | The findings reinforce that environmental and microbial exposures during infancy may help shape immune maturation and protection against allergic disease. This provides indirect biological rationale for supporting a healthy early-life gut microbiome in term infants. | Immune Health; Long-Term Health | Read more here |
| BACH: A Study of a Probiotic Food Supplement Containing B. infantis (EVC001) in Healthy Breastfed Infants at Risk of Developing Atopic Dermatitis Principal investigator: Samuli Rautava, M.D., Ph.D. Sponsor: Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc.; collaborator: Infinant Health, Inc. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04662619 · Completed November 19, 2024 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in Finland. The study enrolled 273 healthy term, breastfed infants younger than 14 days with at least one first-degree relative with atopic disease. Infants received either EVC001 or a lactose placebo for 12 weeks and were followed through the first year of life. The primary outcome was cumulative incidence of physician-diagnosed atopic dermatitis. | Planning to publish full results in 2027. The effects of EVC001 on atopic dermatitis or related allergic and gastrointestinal outcomes cannot yet be summarized. | BACH was designed to determine whether early EVC001 supplementation can prevent atopic dermatitis in breastfed term infants at elevated hereditary risk. | Immune Health; Long-Term Health; Gastrointestinal Health | Read more here |
| Supplementation with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis EVC001 for Mitigation of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity: The GPPAD-SINT1A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Stefanie Arnolds, Joerg Hasford, et al. BMJ Open · November 2021 | Multinational, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary-prevention trial in infants with a greater than 10% estimated genetic risk of developing multiple beta-cell autoantibodies by age six. Beginning between 7 days and 6 weeks of age, infants received daily B. infantis EVC001 or placebo until 12 months and will be followed for up to 5.5 additional years. Enrollment was completed with 1,149 infants across Germany, Poland, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. | No study results have been posted or published to date. This randomized controlled trial is evaluating whether early supplementation with B. infantis EVC001 can reduce the development of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity in genetically at-risk infants. The primary outcome is the persistent, confirmed development of multiple beta-cell autoantibodies. Secondary outcomes include the development of any persistent beta-cell autoantibody, type 1 diabetes, celiac disease autoantibodies, respiratory infection frequency during the first year of life, and safety. Exploratory outcomes include allergic conditions, vaccine antibody responses, and changes in the gut microbiome, metabolome, fecal pH, and fecal calprotectin. | SINT1A is testing whether establishing B. infantis EVC001 during the first year of life can reduce the development of islet autoimmunity in genetically high-risk children. It will also provide evidence concerning respiratory infections and development of allergies. | Immune Health; Long-Term Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| Studies regarding B. infantis and other probiotic use in infants | |||||
| Symptomatic Relief from At-Home Use of Activated Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001 Probiotic in Infants Sophia M. Dimitratos, Tanya Altmann, Tracy Shafizadeh, et al. Beneficial Microbes · 2021 | Post-purchase online consumer survey of 1,621 parents who had recently fed their infants a commercially available EVC001 probiotic. Parents reported changes in diaper rash, gassiness/fussiness, and sleep. | Among infants reported to have symptoms before supplementation, 72% of parents reported improved diaper rash, 63% reported improved gassiness or fussiness, and 52% reported improved nighttime sleep. | Parents reported improvement in several common infant symptoms after beginning EVC001. Because the study was an uncontrolled, retrospective consumer survey, the findings are observational. | Fussiness & Gassiness; Gastrointestinal Health | Read more here |
| A Distinct Clade of Bifidobacterium longum in the Gut of Bangladeshi Children Thrives during Weaning Tommi Vatanen, Matthew R. Plichta, Samuel Somani, et al. Cell · November 23, 2022 | Longitudinal metagenomic and metabolomic analysis of Bangladeshi children from early infancy through weaning. Researchers evaluated B. longum strain characteristics, dietary adaptation, metabolites, and growth measures. | A B. longum clade that included B. infantis was able to use both human-milk and plant-derived carbohydrates, supporting persistence during weaning. B. infantis and indole lactate were positively associated with weight-for-length and weight-for-age. | B. infantis may support healthy growth in infants and remain ecologically relevant beyond exclusive breastfeeding because certain strains can adapt to the changing diet during weaning. | Growth & Nutrition; Gut Microbiome; Breast Milk & HMO Utilization | Read more here |
| Variation in Microbiome LPS Immunogenicity Contributes to Autoimmunity in Humans Tommi Vatanen, Aleksandar D. Kostic, Eva d’Hennezel, et al. Cell · May 5, 2016 | Longitudinal analysis of stool microbiomes from 222 genetically at-risk infants in Finland, Estonia, and Russia, with experimental testing of immune responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. | Finnish and Estonian infants had more Bacteroides-derived lipopolysaccharide, which showed reduced immune-stimulating activity and could inhibit immune education by E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Russian infants had more Bifidobacterium and lower rates of early autoimmune markers. | Early microbiome composition can influence immune development, but this study did not administer B. infantis or directly demonstrate that B. infantis prevented autoimmune disease. | Immune Health; Long-Term Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| Integrating the Ecosystem Services Framework to Define Dysbiosis of the Breastfed Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis and Human Milk Oligosaccharides Rebbeca M. Duar, Bethany M. Henrick, Giorgio Casaburi, et al. Frontiers in Nutrition · March 31, 2020 | Narrative review applying an ecological “ecosystem services” framework to published evidence on HMOs, B. infantis, infant microbiome function, and dysbiosis. | The authors propose evaluating the infant microbiome by the functions it provides—not solely by bacterial composition. B. infantis-supported functions including HMO metabolism, acetate and lactate production, lower fecal pH, and suppression of potentially harmful bacteria. | A healthy infant microbiome should be defined partly by the beneficial functions it performs. This is a review and conceptual framework, not a clinical intervention study. | Gut Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Health; Breast Milk & HMO Utilization | Read more here |
| Reintroducing B. infantis to the Cesarean-Born Neonate: An Ecologically Sound Alternative to “Vaginal Seeding” Rebbeca M. Duar, David Kyle, and Rachel M. Tribe FEMS Microbiology Letters · March 2020 | Perspective and literature review comparing vaginal seeding with targeted restoration of B. infantis in cesarean-delivered infants. | The authors argue that B. infantis is better adapted to the breastfed infant intestine than vaginal organisms and offers a more controlled approach to addressing microbiome disruption after cesarean delivery. | Targeted B. infantis supplementation may be a more biologically appropriate and controllable strategy than vaginal seeding, but the publication does not report a new clinical trial. | Gut Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Health | Read more here |
| Indole-3-Lactic Acid Associated with Bifidobacterium-Dominated Microbiota Significantly Decreases Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Amy M. Ehrlich, Bethany M. Henrick, Sara Pacheco, et al. BMC Microbiology · November 23, 2020 | Infant fecal metabolite analysis combined with laboratory experiments exposing intestinal epithelial cells to indole-3-lactic acid and inflammatory stimuli. | Bifidobacterium-dominated infant microbiomes contained more indole-3-lactic acid. In cell models, the metabolite activated AhR and Nrf2 pathways and protected the gut epithelial cells. | B. infantis-associated indole-3-lactic acid provides a plausible mechanism linking Bifidobacterium colonization with reduced production of cytokine IL-8 and decreased activation of macrophage cell line which can negatively impact the infant gut microbiome. | Immune Health; Gastrointestinal Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |
| Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 Modulates Host Inflammatory Processes beyond the Gut David Groeger, Liam O’Mahony, Eileen F. Murphy, et al. Gut Microbes · June 21, 2013 | Laboratory studies and human supplementation research evaluated the effects of B. infantis 35624 on inflammatory biomarkers in several inflammatory conditions and in healthy adults. | Supplementation was associated with changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines, across some study populations. | This study supports strain-specific systemic immunomodulatory effects of B. infantis 35624 in adults. Suggesting B. infantis may also have effects in adults. | Immune Health | Read more here |
| Bifidobacterium Species Colonization in Infancy: A Global Cross-Sectional Comparison by Population History of Breastfeeding Diana H. Taft, Karen E. Lewis, Eric H. Huda, et al. Nutrients · March 28, 2022 | Cross-sectional analysis comparing infant fecal microbiomes from geographically diverse populations with different historical breastfeeding patterns | B. infantis was more prevalent in populations with a history of longer and more consistent breastfeeding and was less common in populations where breastfeeding had historically declined. | Global differences in B. infantis colonization appear consistent with population-level breastfeeding history, supporting a close ecological relationship between human milk and B. infantis. | Gut Microbiome; Breast Milk & HMO Utilization | Read more here |
| A Possible Link between Early Probiotic Intervention and the Risk of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Later in Childhood: A Randomized Trial Anna Pärtty, Sami Kalliomäki, Pia Wacklin, et al. Pediatric Research · November 11, 2015 | Seventy-five infants were randomized to receive Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or placebo during their first six months and were followed for 13 years for neuropsychiatric diagnoses and microbiome differences. | ADHD or Asperger syndrome was diagnosed in 17.1% of the placebo group and none of the probiotic group. Early Bifidobacterium presence in the gut was lower among children who later developed a neuropsychiatric diagnosis. | Microbiomes low in B. infantis may negatively impact neurodevelopment. | Long-Term Health; Gut Microbiome | Read more here |